Ignorance, Ignominy, and Other ig- Words

Ignorance, Ignominy, and Other ig- Words Ignorance, Ignominy, and Other ig- Words Ignorance, Ignominy, and Other ig- Words By Maeve Maddox In the words ignominy, ignoble, and words related to ignore, the prefix ig- means not. Words Related to Lack of Knowledge Ignorance and its related forms come from the Latin verb ignorare, â€Å"not to know.† ignore Initially the English verb ignore meant â€Å"to be ignorant of.† Like â€Å"J’ignore† in modern French, â€Å"I ignore† meant simply, â€Å"I don’t know.† In modern English ignore means â€Å"to refuse to take notice (of).† Ex. â€Å"I always smile and say ‘Hello,’ but she ignores me.† ignorance and ignorant Both these words relate to the fact or condition of not knowing something. As everyone is born ignorant, no shame should attach to the mere fact of being ignorant. However, the words have acquired negative connotations and both are often used to insult, hurt, or condemn. For example, when Emilia discovers Desdemona’s dead body, ignorant is one of the terms of abuse she hurls at Othello: Emilia: Thou has not half that power to do me harm As I have to be hurt. O gull! O dolt! As ignorant as dirt! thou hast done a deed– I care not for thy sword; I’ll make thee known, Though I lost twenty lives. –Othello, ii, 192-195. ignoramus Ignoramus [IG-nuh-RAY-mus] was an earlier generation’s favorite word for an ignorant person. For example, â€Å"That ignoramus doesn’t know the difference between imply and infer.† In fact, ignoramus is plural in origin. It’s the second person plural of the Latin verb ignorare: ignoramus, â€Å"we do not know.† It was a legal term: ignoramus: The endorsement formerly made by a Grand Jury upon a bill or indictment presented to them, when they considered the evidence for the prosecution insufficient to warrant the case going to a petty jury. I think the word dummy has probably replaced ignoramus in modern usage. Words Related to Lack of Reputation The etymology of both ignominy and ignoble can be traced to the Latin word for name. ignominy Etymologically, ignominy [IG-nuh-MIN-ee] is the state of not having a name. Roman culture, like many others, attached great importance to the sanctity of the family name. Name and reputation were synonymous. Although he puts the words in the mouth of that toad Iago, Shakespeare expresses the importance of reputation in this speech from Othello: Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, Is the immediate jewel of their souls: Who steals my purse steals trash; tis something, nothing; Twas mine, tis his, and has been slave to thousands: But he that filches from me my good name Robs me of that which not enriches him And makes me poor indeed. –Othello, III, iii, 156-161 A disgraced name is a name lost. The meaning of ignominy, therefore, is â€Å"dishonor, disgrace, shame, infamy.† The adjective is ignominious [IG-nuh-MIN-ee-us] ignoble Like ignominy, ignoble has connections with reputation–or lack of it. The word noble goes back to Latin nÃ… scere, â€Å"to know.† The best-known people were members of the ruling classes. Their families had the wealth to buy the horses, weapons, and armor that enabled them to make a name for themselves. Being â€Å"known† conferred status. The word for being known became a class marker. Noble began as a word that referred to a social and economic class, but gradually acquired additional meanings. Initially, ignoble meant â€Å"not noble,† that is, not born to the noble social class. Because the privileged class saw itself as superior in every way, noble came to mean â€Å"characterized by moral superiority,† and ignoble came to mean â€Å"morally flawed†: A rake is a composition of all the lowest, most ignoble, degrading, and shameful vices; they all conspire to disgrace his character, and to ruin his fortune. –Philip Dormer Stanhope 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694–1773) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Comma Before But10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

Important Quotes From Anne Franks Diary

Important Quotes From Anne Frank's Diary When Anne Frank turned 13 on June 12, 1942, she received a red-and-white checkered diary as a birthday present. For the next two years, Anne wrote in her diary, chronicling her move into the Secret Annex, her troubles with her mother, and her blossoming love for Peter (a boy also hiding in the annex). Her writing is extraordinary for many reasons. Certainly, it is one of the very few diaries salvaged from a young girl in hiding, but it also a very honest and revealing account of a young girl coming of age despite her surrounding circumstances. Ultimately, Anne Frank and her family were discovered by the Nazis and sent to concentration camps. Anne Frank died in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945 of typhus. Insightful Quotes From Anne Frank's Diary Writing in a diary is a really strange experience for someone like me. Not only because Ive never written anything before, but also because it seems to me that later on neither I nor anyone else will be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl. (June 20, 1942)Ive learned one thing: you only really get to know a person after a fight. Only then can you judge their true character! (September 28, 1942)Sometimes I think God is trying to test me, both now and in the future. Ill have to become a good person on my own, without anyone to serve as a model or advise me, but itll make me stronger in the end. (October 30, 1943)I long to ride a bike, dance, whistle, look at the world, feel young and know that Im free, and yet I cant let it show. Just imagine what would happen if all eight of us were to feel sorry for ourselves or walk around with the discontent clearly visible on our faces. Where would that get us? (December 24, 1943)Mother has said that she sees us more as frie nds than as daughters. Thats all very nice, of course, except that a friend cant take the place of a mother. I need my mother to set a good example and be a person I can respect, but in most matters, shes an example of what not to do. (January 6, 1944) Peter added, The Jews have been and always will be the chosen people! I answered, Just this once, I hope theyll be chosen for something good! (February 16, 1944)Riches, prestige, everything can be lost. But the happiness in your own heart can only be dimmed; it will always be there, as long as you live, to make you happy again. (February 23, 1944)I want friends, not admirers. People who respect me for my character and my deeds, not my flattering smile. The circle around me would be much smaller, but what does that matter, as long as theyre sincere? (March 7, 1944)Have my parents forgotten that they were young once? Apparently, they have. At any rate, they laugh at us when were serious, and theyre serious when were joking. (March 24, 1944)Im honest and tell people right to their faces what I think, even when its not very flattering. I want to be honest; I think it gets you further and also makes you feel better about yourself. (March 25, 1944)I dont want to live in vain like most peop le. I want to be useful or bring enjoyment to all people, even those Ive never met. I want to go on living even after my death! (April 5, 1944) Ive asked myself again and again whether it wouldnt have been better if we hadnt gone into hiding; if we were dead now and didnt have to go through this misery, especially so that the others could be spared the burden. But we all shrink from this thought. We still love life, we havent yet forgotten the voice of nature, and we keep hoping, hoping for . . . everything. (May 26, 1944)To be honest, I cant imagine how anyone could say Im weak and then stay that way. If you know that about yourself, why not fight it, why not develop your character? (July 6, 1944)We have many reasons to hope for great happiness, but . . . we have to earn it. And thats something you cant achieve by taking the easy way out. Earning happiness means doing good and working, not speculating and being lazy. Laziness may look inviting, but only work gives you true satisfaction. (July 6, 1944)Its a wonder I havent abandoned all my ideals, they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still belie ve, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart. (July 15, 1944)

Health Implications and Identifying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Implications and Identifying - Essay Example The article stresses the role of the nurses in preventing the health impact on the vulnerable groups. Many victims of human trafficking are at risk of living with mental and physical health problems. The health problems that they experience will not stop as a result of lack of awareness of the health impact of trafficking and the sensitivity of the subject. In order to help save the victims of trafficking it is important for nurses to understand the intricacies of human trafficking and its impact on the victims. Notably, the nurse must strive to uncover hidden signs and symptoms of prospective victims of human trafficking to provide the necessary assistance. This will entail asking them the right questions that will go a long way to revealing their nature of work and further help liberate them from bondage. The journal by Eccleston (2013) presents a case of identifying the victims of human trafficking with an aim of establishing the health impact they face. There is a need to protect the victims of human trafficking from the evident health consequences. Health care workers, such as nurses fail to understand the signs and impact of human trafficking on the health of the victims. Besides, insufficient studies are conducted to establish the health impact of these victims of human trafficking. This is rooted in the sensitivity of the subject. Human trafficking is commonly an abusive process where the victims are forced or abducted fraudulently. The abduction is also through deception or by use of power, drugging and exploitation for numerous purposes, such as prostitution, drug peddling or enslavement/forced labour. The victims of trafficking are physically abused, placed in confinement, threatened or denied access to their travel documents. These victims may be psychologically affected as a result of the denial of basic needs, humiliation,

An Exploration into the factors Influencing Consumer Purchasing Thesis Proposal

An Exploration into the factors Influencing Consumer Purchasing Decision - A case study of Thai Fashion - Thesis Proposal Example The culture of showing preferences in luxury was not only a culture of the rich but also the middle class and the low-class members of the society. The younger generation of the female population had grown to be fashion conscious as the influence of the media and commercialization took a toll on the fashion industry. Given that, Thailand fashions were selected and purchased at face value, many luxury fashion brands established a promotion method, which included hiring celebrities and other public figures to promote their brands. (Rocha & Hawkins, 2005). Research has shown that the moods and emotions that were evoked by different fashion garments influenced the consumer purchasing decision either positively or negatively. Consumers chose brands based on reliance, personal style, brand image and celebrity influence (Bruce & Daily, 2006). They discovered that the notion of a consumer to acquire a modern look was based on emotions that drove the consumers to buy luxurious fashion brands. This kind of fashion relied on pleasure rather than one's needs and wants. Thai consumers have adopted the behavior of making purchases based on finding new stimuli, sensations, and pleasure. These aspects are personal and very subjective tilting the purchase decision to be oriented to the particular individual (Balckwell&Talarzk, 1983). The consumer personality also had a major influence on the purchase decision. One's personality factor in things like the individual’s self-esteem and body shape.

Charles Dickens :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Charles Dickens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles John Huffman Dickens was born in Portsmouth on Feb. 7,1812. He moved with his family to London when he was about 2 years old. Many events and people in his books were based on events and people in his life. He was the son of a clerk who was imprisoned for debt. Even when his father was free, there was not enough money to support the family adequately. So Charles was taken out of school at the age of 12 to go to work in a factory pasting labels on bottles. He only had the job for a few months, but the shock affected him deeply. The images of prison life and of mistreated or lost children appeared in many of his novels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles attended school off and on until the age of 15 when he left for good. He loved reading and was influenced by some of the early English writers like William Shakespeare. But most of his knowledge that he used as an author came from what he observed around him. He was a keen observer of life and had a great understanding of human nature, particularly of young people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dickens became a newspaper reporter in the late 1820’s. He covered debates in Parliament and wrote feature articles of the ever changing London scene. Dickens’ first publication was done under the pseudonym Boz in 1836. It consisted of articles he wrote for the “Monthly Magazine'; and the “Evening Chronicle.'; These articles surveyed manners and conditions of the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dickens’ personal unhappiness marred his public success. In 1836, he married Catherine Hogarth. Her sister, Mary, died in 1837 and Dickens suffered great grief. This led many to believe that he loved Mary more than his wife. Although Catherine was not real intelligent, she was a good woman. She and Charles had 10 children, but they separated in 1858, after 22 years of marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dickens had a lot of mental and physical energy. He recorded his activities in thousand of letters. They were very enjoyable reading. He crowded his social life with friends from the world of art and literature. He enjoyed drama and went to the theater as much as he could. After he became rich and famous, he made a hobby of producing and acting in amateur theatrical productions. He also was successful in giving public readings of his works. He also busied himself with various charities for schools for poor children and a loan society to enable the poor to move to Australia.

Massey Coal

Massey Coal Case A person is morally responsible for an injury or a wrong if: 1. the person caused or helped caused it, or failed to prevent it when he or she could have and should have 2. the person did so knowing what he or she was doing 3. the person did so of his or her own free will Question 1 Massey Energy Company should be held morally responsible for the deaths of the 29 miners. The U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration issued â€Å"too much† citations for the violations in the mines Massey Energy Company owned.The company always challenged several of the citations and corrected enough of the significant and substantial violations to allow its total violations to fall below the level needed to force its closure. This means in terms of safety, the company only make significant safety change in order for their mines not to be totally closed but not make a major safety changes in order to follow all the guidelines of MSHA and eliminate all possible endangerment in t he mines. Massey should be held morally responsible because of the lack of effort the company put in to improve the safety quality in their mines.Question 2 Don Blankenship should be held morally responsible for the deaths of the 29 miners. Don wrote a memo stating that managers should concentrate on producing coal and not waste time responding to requests to fix things. It was not clear what had ignited the explosion of April 5 but it was almost certain that is was caused by accumulations of methane and coal dust. If Don had enforced the managers to focused more on the safety of the mines and the miners so that they are up to MSHA safety standards rather than only to concentrate on producing coal, the April 5 incident could well be prevented.Don Blankenship lack of care for the miners and prioritizing profit over safety are enough reasons for him to be held morally responsible for the deaths of the 29 miners. Question 3 MSHA should somehow be held morally responsible for the deaths of the 29 miners. First of all, the company does not operate up to the standard when it comes to protecting the lives of the miners. The agency was understaffed and its inspectors were overworked. Also, the week before the mine explosion, half of the agency’s inspectors failed to attend required training courses and the agency neither kept track of their attendance nor did it sanction them.Not only that, but the company can’t shut down a mine unless the total violations of these coal mine companies are above the level needed to force its closure. Most of the coal mine companies challenged MSHA’s citations and corrected enough of the significant violations so they fall below the shut-down level. This is irresponsible on MSHA’s side. Thy should enforce a tighter and stricter rules when it comes to violations. MSHA should not just imposed fines on the company but they should be more stern when it comes to safety violations by the company.Also, waiting until there is too much violations by the company to close the mines will endanger the lives of the miners. When people lives are on stake, MSHA surely are not up to the standard of that task. Question 4 The miners had some idea of the risks of working in the Upper Big Branch mine however that is not enough for them to be held any responsibility for their own deaths. Don Blankenship had released a memo to the managers specifically stating to ignore wasting time responding to requests to fix things. Managers then would be afraid to object to Don Blankenship requests since they could get fired.During the congressional hearing, survivors and relatives of those who had died testified. Most of the testimony states that they are afraid to go to management and express their fears of the lack of safety in the mine. They are afraid management would look for ways to fire them. So afraid of being fired, miners should not be held responsible for their own deaths because of the lack of freedom they h ave to express their feelings. Question 5 There is a huge difference between mines without unions like the Massey mines and other mines that had unions.The huge difference is the safety regulations. A union would fought for better enforcement of safety regulations to protect the miners. According to the testimony of Gary Quarles, the huge difference is when MSHA inspector comes to the mines. When an MSHA inspector comes onto a Massey mine property, the code words go out â€Å"we’ve got a man on the property. † When the word goes pit all effort is made to correct any deficiencies or direct the inspector’s attention away from any deficiencies. Also when an MSHA inspector comes to a Massey mine, he/she is only accompanied by Massey people.No coal miner at the mine can point out areas of concern to the MSHA inspector. While in union mines, workers at the mine would accompany the MSHA inspectors during the inspections. Workers also have the right to refuse to work in unsafe conditions without fear of their job. Clearly, in mines without unions like Massey, the people are trying to deceive MSHA inspectors to that they would not get citations for different violations. Seeing the huge difference in enforcing safety regulations, all mines should be forced to have a union. Question 6The average salary for all jobs in the United States is $43,000 while miners in the Upper Big Branch mine were paid $60,000. Even though a work of a miner required no more than a high school education, the risk of their job is very high, probably the highest. Wages will fail to provide a level of compensation proportional to the risks of a job when markets do not register risks because the risks are not yet known. For example, the health risks involved in mining or using a certain mineral such as manganese may not be known until many years afterward. In this case, wages will not fully compensate for risks.Workers also might accept risks unknowingly because they do not ha ve adequate accept to information concerning those risks. Workers don’t have the money or the tool to collect information needed to assess the risks of the jobs they accept. Workers might accept known risks out of desperation because they lack the mobility to enter other less risky industries or because they lack information of the alternatives available to them. Massey is only paying $17,000 more than the average of all jobs in the United States. Knowing all the risks as a miner such as exposure to methane nd all other lethal gases and also the high rate of accidents in Upper Big Branch mine due to poor safety regulations, a wage of $60,000 surely does not cover the all the risks that the miners are exposed to. Only $17,000 more on the wage of the miners than the average wage of all the jobs in the U. S. is not an ethical approach by the company. There is a far more safer job even though they are lower in wages. But the $60,000 in wages is not worth it for the miners conside ring all the job risks Massey doesn’t account for. So, Massey was not handling job risk in an ethically appropriate manner. Question 7Massey Energy Company did not fulfill a lot of ethical obligations. The company violated the ethics of care. An ethic of care says they we should care for those dependent on and related to us. The miners are dependent of the managers and CEO of the company to enforce tighter and stricter safety regulations, however Massey failed to do so. The company violated the ethics of pollution control. Massey was faced with the problem of disposing millions of gallons of coal slurry the mines were producing. They did not control their pollution of coal slurry into the environment, thus violating the ethics of pollution control.Massey also violated different rights. Positive rights state that duties of other agents (Massey) to provide the holder of the right (the miners) with whatever he or she needs to freely pursue his or her interests. The miners intere st is to have a high quality safety regulations in the mines and Massey failed to provide this interest. Massey also failed the fairness of wages and the fairness of employee working conditions. The wage they are paying to the miners are not enough to cover all the job risks the miners are exposed to in the mine. Massey also failed to provide proper working condition in the Upper Big Branch.

Ideal Gas Example Problem Partial Pressure

In any mixture of gases, each component gas exerts a partial pressure that contributes to the total pressure. At ordinary temperatures and pressure, you can apply the ideal gas law to calculate the partial pressure of each gas. What Is Partial Pressure? Lets start by reviewing the concept of partial pressure. In a mixture of gases, the partial pressure of each gas is the pressure that gas would exert if it was the only one occupying that volume of space. If you add up the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture, the value will be the total pressure of the gas. The law used to find partial pressure assumes the temperature of the system is constant and the gas behaves as an ideal gas, following the ideal gas law: PV nRT where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. The total pressure is then the sum of all the partial pressures of component gases. For n components of a gas: Ptotal P1 P2 P3 ... Pn When written this way, this variation of the Ideal Gas Law is called Daltons Law of Partial Pressures. Moving around terms, the law can be rewritten to relate moles of gas and total pressure to partial pressure: Px Ptotal (n / ntotal) Partial Pressure Question A balloon contains 0.1 moles of oxygen and 0.4 moles of nitrogen. If the balloon is at standard temperature and pressure, what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen? Solution Partial pressure is found by Daltons Law: Px PTotal ( nx / nTotal ) wherePx partial pressure of gas xPTotal total pressure of all gasesnx number of moles of gas xnTotal number of moles of all gases Step 1 Find PTotal Although the problem does not explicitly state the pressure, it does tell you the balloon is at standard temperature and pressure. Standard pressure is 1 atm. Step 2 Add up the number of moles of the component gases to find nTotal nTotal noxygen nnitrogennTotal 0.1 mol 0.4 molnTotal 0.5 mol Step 3 Now you have all the information needed to plug the values into the equation and solve for Pnitrogen Pnitrogen PTotal ( nnitrogen / nTotal )Pnitrogen 1 atm ( 0.4 mol / 0.5 mol )Pnitrogen 0.8 atm Answer The partial pressure of the nitrogen is 0.8 atm. Helpful Tip for Performing the Partial Pressure Calculation Be sure to report your units correctly! Typically, when using any form of the ideal gas law, youll be dealing with mass in moles, temperature in Kelvin, volume in liters, and pressure is in atmospheres. If you have temperatures in Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert them to Kelvin before proceeding.Remember real gases are not ideal gases, so although the calculation will have very little error under ordinary conditions, it wont be precisely the true value. For most situations, the error is negligible. Error increases as pressure and temperature of a gas increase because the particles are interacting with each other more often.