Business around the World

When maintaining international business communication it is vital to be aware of the multiple stylistic peculiarities inherent in communicative processes of various nations and cultures. The present paper focuses on the communicative style, non-verbal communicative practices, and business communication norms of Japanese, Argentinean, and Egyptian cultures, as well as outlines the basic strategies to increase the overall efficiency of cross-cultural communication in business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business around the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Expecting respectful treatment of its tradition, the Japanese culture is ultimately group-oriented. Lasting personal relationship is the basis for long-term trust and respect. The key notion is ‘keeping one’s face’ cool and composed, and not making one’s partner lose his face either. The style of humility and cooperat ion dominates communication. The non-verbal side of communication maintains a reserved approach: subtle gestures, infrequent eye-contact, and restricted physical contact are the key characteristics of non-verbal behavior. Certain widespread gestures, such as OK, may be taken wrongly, and traditional pointing at objects is offensive. Handshakes are permitted between business partners. Based on the national communicative style, Japanese business norms feature strict hierarchical organization of large negotiation teams, with senior management present at each stage of the process. Long-term scheduling and detail-focused approach are fostered, together with reserved and indirect negotiation style. (Katz, 2008c) The Argentinean culture is group-oriented and focused at lasting and trusting long-term relationships as well. Personal relations rather than company ones are of great importance. Despite the generally warm, friendly, direct, and emotionally open communication, respect of face, di gnity, and honor is vital to maintain successful communication. Non-verbal communication is characterized by maintaining a close proximity and wide use of expressive body language. However, care should be taken with using gestures like â€Å"OK†, which is offensive. Frequent eye-contact and physical contact with representatives of the same gender provide positive effects. Impeccable appearance is a must. Among the norms of business communication, hiring a local intermediary to introduce one’s business and advance and detailed scheduling of the negotiation process are standard. Hierarchy and punctuality are strictly observed. Since the negotiations are long-term oriented, they are held in slow pace and aimed at ‘win-win’ result. Polychronic working style and emotional negotiation techniques are widespread, yet the latter should be employed with care. (Katz, 2008a)Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Egyptian culture combines group-orientation with the need for individual interests and preferences. Long-term perspective relationships are built between people, not companies. Face-saving tactics are greeted, together with concealing negative emotions and sharing positive ones. Indirect communication features flowery rhetoric which may result in ambiguous meaning. Non-verbal communication features close proximity levels and extensive use of gestures, body language, and body- and eye-contact. Since left hand is considered generally unclean, it is not used for handshakes or eating. Impeccable appearance produces a positive effect. Business norms allow both individuals and teams as negotiators. Aimed at long-term perspective, negotiations go at slow pace with employment of deceptive negotiation techniques but a general positive and persistent attitude. Bribery is often considered as mere gift, but should be used with cautio n. (Katz, 2008b) Successful cross-communication presupposes careful planning and background research in accordance with the local norms of the culture. In general, developing long-term trust, mutual respect and cooperation, keeping everyone’s face, as well as avoiding haste and aggression are the keys to success. But in any case in-depth acquaintance with each separate culture is vital to efficient cross-communication. References Katz, L. (2008a). Negotiating international business — Argentina. Web. Katz, L. (2008b). Negotiating international business — Egypt. Web. Katz, L. (2008c). Negotiating international business — Japan. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business around the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Business around the World was written and submitted by user David Lambert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mother Courage and Her Children Play Overview

'Mother Courage and Her Children' Play Overview Mother Courage and Her Children mixes dark humor, social commentary, and tragedy. The title character, Mother Courage, travels across war-weary Europe selling alcohol, food, clothing, and supplies to soldiers on both sides. As she struggles to improve her fledgling business, Mother Courage loses her adult children, one after another. The Setting Set in Poland, Germany, and other parts of Europe, Mother Courage and Her Children spans the years 1624 to 1636. This period is during the Thirty Years War, a conflict that pitted Protestant armies against Catholic forces and resulted in an enormous loss of life.   The Title Character Anna Fierling (aka Mother Courage) has been enduring for a long time, traveling with nothing except a supply wagon pulled along by her adult children: Eilif, Swiss Cheese, and Kattrin. Throughout the play, though she does show concern for her children, she seems more interested in profit and financial security than the safety and well-being of her offspring. She has a love/hate relationship with war. She loves war because of its potential economic benefits. She hates war because of its destructive, unpredictable nature. She has the nature of a gambler, always trying to guess just how long the war will last so that she can take a risk and buy more supplies to sell. She fails dreadfully as a parent when she is focused on her business. When she fails to keep track of her eldest son, Eilif, he joins the army. When Mother Courage tries to haggle for the life of her second son (Swiss Cheese), she offers a low payment in exchange for his freedom. Her stinginess results in his execution. Eilif is also executed. Although his death is not a direct result of her choices, she misses her only chance to visit with him because she is at the market working her business instead of at church, where Eilif expects her to be. Near the plays conclusion, Mother Courage is again absent when her daughter Kattrin martyrs herself in order to save innocent townspeople. Despite losing all of her children by the end of the play, it is arguable that Mother Courage never learns anything, thus never experiences an epiphany or transformation. In his editorial notes, Brecht explains that  it is not incumbent on the playwright to give Mother Courage insight at the end. Rather, Brechts protagonist catches a glimpse of social awareness in scene six, but it is quickly lost and never to be regained as the war wears on, year after year. Eilif, the Brave Son The eldest and most independent of Annas children, Eilif is persuaded by a recruiting officer who lures him with talk of glory and adventure. Despite his mothers protests, Eilif enlists. Two years later, the audience sees him again. He is thriving as a soldier who slaughters peasants and loots civilian farms to support his armys cause. He rationalizes his actions by saying necessity knows no law. In scene eight, during a brief time of peace, Eilif steals from a peasant household and murders a woman in the process. He does not understand the difference between killing during wartime (which his peers consider an act of bravery) and killing during peacetime (which his peers consider a crime punishable by death). Mother Courages friends, the chaplain and the cook, do not tell her about Eilifs execution. At the end of the play, she still believes she has one child left alive. Swiss Cheese, the Honest Son Why is he named Swiss Cheese? Because hes good at pulling wagons. Thats Brechts humor for you! Mother Courage claims that her second son has a fatal flaw: honesty. However, this good-natured characters real downfall might be his indecision. When he is hired to be a paymaster for the Protestant army, his duty is torn between the rules of his superiors and his loyalty to his mother. Because he cannot successfully negotiate those two opposing forces, he is ultimately captured and executed. Kattrin, Mother Courages Daughter By far the most sympathetic character in the play, Kattrin is unable to speak. According to her mother, she is in constant danger of being physically and sexually abused by soldiers. Mother Courage often insists that Kattrin wear unseemly clothes and be covered in dirt to draw attention away from her feminine charms. When Kattrin is injured, resulting in a scar on her face, Mother Courage considers it a blessing - now, Kattrin is less likely to be assaulted. Kattrin wants to find a husband. However, her mother keeps putting it off, insisting that they must wait until peacetime (which never arrives during Kattrins adult life). Kattrin desperately wants a child of her own. When she learns that children might be murdered by soldiers, she sacrifices her life by drumming loudly and waking up the townspeople so they are not caught by surprise. Although she perishes, the children (and many other civilians) are saved. Therefore, even without children of her own, Kattrin proves to be far more motherly than the title character. About the Playwright  Bertolt Brech Bertolt (sometimes spelled Berthold) Brecht lived from 1898 to 1956. He was raised by a middle-class German family, despite some of his claims that he had an impoverished childhood. Early in his youth, he discovered a love for the theater that would become his means of creative expression as well as a form of political activism. Brecht fled Nazi Germany before the onset of World War II. In 1941, his anti-war play Mother Courage and Her Children was performed for the first time, premiering in Switzerland. After the war, Brecht moved to Soviet-occupied East Germany, where he directed a revised production of the same play in 1949. Source: Brecht, Bertolt. Mother Courage and Her Children. Grove Press, September 11, 1991.

Decision Making Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Making Case Study Analysis - Essay Example Mary, as a relatively new and inexperienced probation officer has a fresh outlook and different expectations from the system. Her approach to the case places more importance on "positivism" and a "watchman style" as she has not yet become part of the system; the cultural ethos of the organization on the other hand in entrenched in "classicalism" and has a rigid "legalistic" approach (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2003, p. 295). If only rational guidelines were to be considered, then, based on the crime score and offender score parameters (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 312), the offender qualifies for probation. Moreover, the offence is one of statutory rape and charges have been filed by the parents of the girl, over the objections of the victim. Hence more discretion, within the boundaries of bounded rationality is warranted and needs to be the primary factor in this case. Political considerations, however legitimate should not fly in the face of natural justice. Most decisions are arrived at keeping an organization's long-term goals in mind and solutions fall in to well established and acceptable solutions for identified problems - the 'garbage can' concept. To that extent, organizational culture is a definitive influencing factor. In fact it is this deeply ingrained ethos which influences the advice given to Mary by her supervisor. This kind of 'standard operating procedure' leads to the formation of 'legitimizing rituals' that further perpetuate the laid down decision making process. In effect, "equilibrium is set and protected" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 301). This is what Mary learns from the case. Symbolically the case is a sex offence and because of the pressure of organizational culture it has to be treated as one of many such cases rather than treating it on its own merits. The pre-set solution for such cases is the decision already 'arrived at'. This results in a compromise solution that though not exactly the best satisfies everyone in the system. This is because all decisions are made with incomplete information and although rationality requires the ability to choose between all possible courses of action, in practice all of them are not capable of being implemented due to various constraints. Hence the adoption of the concept of satisfycing i.e., "the attainment of acceptable rather than optimal results" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p 298), which is a useful concept in criminal justice to satisfy diverse and contradictory interests. Cultural and Political Concerns in Decision Making Cultural and political concerns can never be left out of any decision making process as decisions are not made in a vacuum. Hence, understanding of thee limitations and learning how to work through them is a better option in the long run. This is what Mary realizes when it dawns on her that a compromise solution would have a better chance of success, since, "recommendations of probation officersgenerally correlate with sentencing decisions" (Stojkovic, et al., 2003, p. 302). The inputs given by Mary as a result of the PSI would provide crucial inputs that would influence the final outcome. Recommendations that are grounded in rationality and backed by the results of prediction models would certainly enhance the acceptability of the recommendations.

Managing financials in the Canadian Public sector Case Study

Managing financials in the Canadian Public sector - Case Study Example In other approach, contracting these services would create room for specialization; the companies will use the best janitors/ janitresses in the job to enhance quality and efficiency thus cutting down on extra costs for the same job, and employees will have ample time to serve the members of the public assuming that these companies will be doing their tasks efficiently and on timely manner (Frey, 2005). Further, outsourcing these services to other companies has a financial merit in the long run; apart from one time severance payment the ministry will cut off the recurrent expenditure in the subsequent years, these companies will dedicate their skills and expertise to offer quality services with hope of license renewal after five years, with which the surplus can be channeled in other sectors/ ministries. Externalities such as injuries to employees while doing the janitorial services in a rush to get started for the day’s work will be ruled out once the contracting process is c omplete. Retaining in-house services on the other hand might be profitable in the short run as the employees are engaged in other creative activities but it is costly to the financiers or the exchequer in the long run. Contracting route on the other hand is faced by legal and other challenges which can socially and /or economically tumble the wellbeing of the country and the public confidence towards the ministry. For instance, depending with the government’s provision for public contracts, a 35% requirement (Graham & Q.U, 2005) would mean that the favorite bidder would be Adanac Cleaners who despite their costly service of $440000 a year have a greater chance of approval from the government. The major problem for the management will be the decision making process on which company to award the contract factoring in issues of cost, performance and the public policies by the government. Question 2: The major external control factors to be considered in

Sexuality and Alzheimer's Disease Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexuality and Alzheimer's Disease - Lab Report Example A major ethical dilemma for nursing staff, who lack relevant training, is when Alzheimer patients express themselves in a sexual manner with other patients or care-givers. Nurses find themselves in a conflict situation between moral principle and professional duty in resolving these occurrences (Tabak & Shemesh Kigli, 2006). Research discloses that there is confusion and ignorance on the part of nursing staff and other care givers, regarding the issue of sexual relations among patients with dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease. Staff find it highly stressful to deal with this area of ward practice for which they completely lack any kind of training. Their professionalism and caring instinct to protect the patients’ dignity seriously conflicts against their anger and antagomism towards unseemly behavior on the part of elderly Alzheimer patients, especially if it is of a serious nature or if helpless elderly patients are victimized. Sometimes, staff’s lack of necessary awareness leads to their ill-treating or humiliating patients (Tabak & Shemesh-Kigli, 2006). One of the consequences of debilitating dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease and deep-rooted personality disorders â€Å"can lead to lowered impulse control and the emergence of inappropriate sexual behaviors† (Hillman, 2000: 62-63). Ethics and human rights also play an important part in this issue, since the sexual needs and the right to personal freedom of geriatric patients cannot be overlooked. To resolve the ethical dilemma, it is essential to investigate the situation by viewing the full picture, and understanding all the dynamics that contribute to the sexual relationship.

Rural Marketing Charecters Challenges And Strategies Marketing Essay

Rural Marketing Charecters Challenges And Strategies Marketing Essay Rural markets have acquired significance in India as the overall growth of the economy has resulted in substantial increase in the purchasing power of rural communities. As urban markets are getting saturated and competitive, companies focus themselves in capturing the vast rural market. Go Rural is the slogan of marketing gurus after analyzing the socio-economic changes in villages. Rural markets accounts for 54% of FMCG and 60% of durable goods. Rural consumption is getting high as the technology is advancing everywhere and also buying pattern and demand of the rural consumers have changed from basic low-priced product to luxurious ones due to their increased income. Dynamics of rural markets differs from other market types and similarly its strategies also differ from the marketing strategies aimed at the urban consumers. A firm seeking the share of this rural market has to work for it as the market includes variety of problems such as physical distance, communication risks due to illiteracy, differed tastes and attitudes of rural consumers, risks in setting suitable pricing and distribution strategy etc. considering the environment in which the rural market operates and other related problems, it is possible to evolve effective strategies for rural marketing. Thus future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets. Character of rural market: 1. The households belonging to the middle-income and above categories that constitute the bulk of the consuming class had been increasingly steadily over the years. 2. The rural income is seasonal in nature and to a great extent influenced by non-controllable factors such as draughts and floods, crop failures due to pests, and similar factors 3. The rural market in India is vast and scattered and offers various opportunities in comparison to the urban sector. It covers the maximum population and regions and thereby the maximum number of consumers. 4. The steps taken by the government of India to initiate proper irrigation, infrastructural developments, prevention of floods, grants for fertilizers, and various schemes to cut down the poverty line have improved the conditions of rural masses resulting in increased rural consumption. 5. During the last decade the rural consumers were in need for low end products which would meet their basic demands and necessities. But of lately due to change in technology and rather advancement in technology, the demand for people have also changed and the buying pattern which initially comprised of basic products have now shifted to luxurious products. 6. Media reach is a strong reason for the penetration of goods like cosmetics, mobile phones, etc., which are only used by the urban people. Increasing awareness and knowledge on different products and brands accelerate the demand. 7. Sales will be higher in rural areas during harvesting periods as the income will be higher during that period. Characteristics of rural consumers People in rural areas have poor job opportunities than urban. The rural consumer is very conscious about getting value for money. He understands symbols and colors better, and looks for endorsement by local leaders or icons. He doesnt like to pay extra for frills he cannot use. He has a very high involvement in any product purchased especially when he decides to buy high-end products, which cost a few hundreds or thousands of rupees. The rural market of India is a geographically scattered market. Rural consumers continue to be marked by low purchasing power. The rural consumers are marked by a conservative and tradition-bound lifestyle. Rural consumers buy small packs, as they are perceived as value for money. There is brand stickiness, where a consumer buys a brand out of habit and not really by choice. The rural consumers of India are a tradition bound community; religion, culture and even superstition strongly influence their consumption habits. Challenges There are several difficulties confronting the effort to fully explore rural markets. The concept of rural markets in India is still in evolving shape, and the sector poses a variety of challenges. Unlike urban markets, rural markets are difficult to predict and possess special characteristics 1. Difficulty in Payment- collection: The majority of rural population is still unbanked. Non cash collections are not possible and even cash collections are also difficult as technical advancements in banking sector has not yet reached in rural areas. 2. Understanding the Rural Consumer: Unlike urban consumers, rural consumers taste and preferences are difficult to understand as their choices were influenced by many factors. 3. Poor Infrastructure: Lack of buildings, electricity, water supply etc affects the basic business functions. 4. Physical Distribution: Poor road connectivity is often a big challenge for the rural marketers to transport their products or services to the rural consumers. Only 40% of the villages in India have proper road connections. 5. Shortage of retail outlets: Non-availability of adequate retail outlets is a major problems faced by the marketers. 6. Illiteracy: Rural folks do not understand clever, gimmicky, quick (fast-paced), suggestive and hi-tech ad films. And also it is very difficult to make the rural consumers to understand the promotion campaigns and its theme and also the usage of a product. 7. Inadequate storage facilities and warehousing leads to inadequate stocking of products. 8. Highly credit driven market and low investment capacity of retailers. A rural consumer generally poses the habit purchasing goods for credit due to their low income. But financially unsound retailers cant give credit. 9. Dispersed or scattered rural population: it is very expensive to conduct market promotion campaigns and to meet other expenditures over scattered market. 10. Large number of intermediaries leading to higher costs. Due to physical distance, a producer needs the help of so many intermediaries in selling his product to the rural consumers. High intermediation increases price. Strategies Marketers need to understand the psyche of the rural consumers and then act accordingly. Rural marketing involves more intensive personal selling efforts compared to urban marketing. Firms should refrain from designing goods for the urban markets and subsequently pushing them in the rural areas. To effectively tap the rural market, a brand must associate it with the same things the rural folks do. This can be done by utilizing the various rural folk media to reach them in their own language and in large numbers so that the brand can be associated with the myriad rituals, celebrations, festivals, melas, and other activities where they assemble. Considering the environment in which the rural market operates and other related problems, it is possible to evolve effective strategies for rural marketing. The strategies discussed here though not universally applicable depend upon product characteristics, the targeted segment of the rural market, the choice of the rural area and its economic condition. A. Product strategies Meaningful product strategies for rural market and rural consumers are discussed here. 1. Small unit and low priced packing: Larger pack sizes are out of reach for rural consumers because of their higher price and usage habits. This method has been tested by other products like shampoos, biscuits, pickles, Vicks five gram tins, etc. the objective of giving smallpackagings is to keep the price low so that the entire rural community can try. This may not be possible in all types of products except some products such as shampoo, soaps and other cosmetics etc. 2. Designing new innovative and attractive products: A close observation of rural household items indicates the importance of redesigning or modifying the products. The manufacturing and marketing men can think in terms of new product designs specially meant for rural areas keeping their lifestyles in view. The new products should be designed in such a way that it should suit the lifestyle, needs and anxiety of the rural consumer. 3. Designing strong and sturdy products: Sturdiness of a product either in terms of weight or appearance is an important fact for rural consumers. Generally a rural consumer handles every product roughly. Thus the product meant for rural areas should be sturdy enough to stand rough handling and storage. People in rural areas like bright flashy colors such as red, blue, green etc., and feel that products with such colors are sturdy but they are more concerned with the utility of the item also. 4. Creating a good brand name The rural consumers are more concerned with the brand name of the product than its utility. The brand name awareness in the rural areas is fairly high. A brand name and logo are very essential for rural consumers for it can be easily remembered and identified. Because rural consumers often used to stick towards a particular product by considering its brand name. B. Pricing strategies Pricing strategies are very much linked to product strategies. Some of these strategies are mentioned here. 1. Low cost/cheap products: This is a common strategy being adopted widely by many manufacturing and marketing men. Rural consumers wont like to have high-priced commodities due to their low income. So Price can be kept low by small unit packing resulting in higher sales. 2. Avoid sophisticated packing: Simple package can be adopted which can bring down the cost as it is presently being done in the case of biscuits. Some innovation in packing technology is very necessary for rural markets. Sophisticated packing can be avoided as it bears extra cost which may losses the number of consumers due to high price. 3. Refill packs/reusable packaging: The packaging material used should preferably lend itself for reuse in rural areas. An ideal example in this direction can be the packing of fertilizers. Now companies have started packing fertilizers in LDPE or HDPE sacks, which are not only tamper proof but also reusable. But it would be applicable only in case certain products. 4. Application of value engineering: This is a technique which can be tried to evolve cheaper products by substituting the costly raw material with the cheaper one, without sacrificing the quality or functional efficiency of the product, for example in food industry, Soya protein is being used instead of milk protein. Milk protein is expensive while Soya protein is cheaper but the nutrition value is same. This technique yields itself for application in many engineering or product designed areas so that the price can be kept at an affordable level. These areas have to be explored by manufacturing and marketing the pricing strategy for rural market will depend upon the scope for reducing the price of the product to suit the rural incomes and at the same time not compromising with the utility and sturdiness of the product. 5. provision of free frills or products along with the selling product will make an impression among the rural buyers that the price they are paying for the product is not high, as they are getting extra free products or services. c. Distribution strategies Rural India is widely populated and so it is obvious that the distribution costs are high. Here, one needs to deploy innovative approaches in order to bring down the costs. Most manufacturers and marketing men do have a distribution arrangement for village with a population of at least 5000 people. While it is essential to formulate specific strategies for distribution in rural areas, the characteristics of the product, its shelf life and other factors have to be kept in mind. The distribution strategies that are specifically designed for rural areas are through co-operative societies, public distribution system, multi-purpose distribution centers, etc.some other distribution strategies that can be adopted in rural marketing were: 1. Using Delivery vans to deliver products to nook and corner of villages. 2. Localized way of distributions such as melas, street outlets etc: To succeed in Indian rural market the producers or marketers have to reach the nook and the corner of the country. They have to reach the local Paan wala, Local Baniya only then they can succeed. MNC shoe giants, Adidas, Reebok, and Nike started with exclusive stores but soon they realized that they do not enjoy much Brand Equity in India, and to capture the market share in India they later preferred Local market shoe sellers. 3. Conduction of special sales programmes through temporary street stalls or showrooms in rural areas: This is one of the strategies widely adopted by automobile marketers. This strategy is suitable for high end products. 4. Direct distributions by opening outlets in villages avoiding intermediaries that will also reduce price 5. By offering certain discounts, the local rural distributors can be made to brainwash the consumers about the new product as rural consumers believes the word of the familiar person in purchasing a product. Thus risk involved in sales and distribution of the new product can be somewhat reduced. D. Promotion strategies Mass media is a powerful medium of communication. It could be television, cinema, print media, and radio and so on. The other means of mass media available are hoardings/wall paintings, shanties/hats/melas, non-price competition, special campaigns etc. Besides these, other mass media like hand bills and booklets, posters, stickers, banners of the schemes etc. Following are some of the promotion strategies that can be applied in order to promote a new product in the rural market: 1: advertising with local ambassadors is a right choice and also advertisements can be made colorfully as rural people like that. 2: providing the new product as a free product along with some other products that were already going in the market. So that, the consumers will be aware of the new product. 3: making a tie up with the ongoing market retailers in order to enhance proper distribution and to expand the business in the initial promotion stage. After gaining some goodwill and market, the producer can either continue with the ongoing retail distribution or it can open its own retail shops. 4: In the promotional stage, the goods and services can be given at low prices that would attract the rural consumers as they often prefer low-priced commodities with higher utility. In addition to all these strategies, there are some other strategies that a marketer should follow or implement in order to promote and succeed in rural market. They are as follows; BY TARGET CHANGING PERCEPTION If one go to villages they will see that villagers using Toothpaste, even when They can use Neem or Babool sticks or Gudakhu, villagers are using soaps like Nirma rose, Breeze, Cinthol etc. even when they can use locally manufactured very low priced soaps. Villagers are constantly looking forward for new branded products. What can one infer from these incidents, is the paradigm changing and customer no longer price sensitive. Indian customer was never price sensitive, but they want value for money. They are ready to pay premium for the product if the product is offering some extra utility for the premium. Thus a marketer has to design his marketing trend according to the changing perception of the rural consumers. BY PROVIDING WHAT CUSTOMER WANT The customers want value for money. They do not see any value in frills associated with the products. They aim for the basic functionality. However, if the sellers provide frills free of cost they are happy with that. They are happy with such a high technology that can fulfill their need. Motorola has launched, seven models of Cellular Phones of high technology but none of the rural consumers preferred it as they dont even know or wants or cannot use such advanced technologies in that models. On the other hand, Nokia has launched a simple product 1100, which has captured the wide rural market. BY DEVELOPING RURAL-SPECIFIC PRODUCTS Many companies are developing rural-specic products. Keeping into consideration the requirements and necessities of the rural consumers, products can be ultimately designed which aptly suits the rural necessities.for example; some bike manufacturers are designing their product very toughly which will suit the poor road facilities of rural India. (Hero Honda splendor) PAINTINGS A picture is worth thousand words. The message is simple and clean. Rural people like the sight of bright colours. COKE, PEPSI and TATA traders advertise their products through paintings.thus advertising through paintings can be made. Conclusion: Indian rural marketing has always been complex to forecast and consist of special uniqueness. However many companies were successful in entering the rural markets. They proved that with proper understanding of the market and innovative marketing ideas, it is possible to bag the rural markets. It is very difficult for the companies to overlook the opportunities they could from rural markets. As two-thirds of the Indian population live in rural areas, the market is vast than expected. For the companies to be successful in rural markets, they have to overcome certain challenges such as pricing and distribution. Thus by following the above stated innovative strategies, companies can capture markets and withhold in rural areas. AUTHOR: Pradeep kumar.B, SIIMS, Pollachi. EMAIL ID:[emailprotected] PHONE NUMBER: 9787077523

Of Pirate Ships and Silver Steeds :: Personal Narrative Jobs Working Papers

Of Pirate Ships and Silver Steeds We poured the foundation yesterday, and now we were pulling the forms off the cement and hauling them out--back onto Ralph, our two-ton truck. The sun beat down. As I bent over to pick up another eight incher I glanced towards the pit. First, came a black bandanna. Next, came protruding straggles of curly blond hair. Then, a grimace and a roll of the eyes--Danny's trademark--appeared as the young man hauled himself out of the hole. Following the head, came a tattered shirt and matching shorts. The holes in the shorts were normal, but when Danny turned imploringly toward me I discovered the cause of the shredded shirt. Aaron had just hopped off the top of the foundation, and he said as he walked towards the truck, "I'll be back. Tell the other guys. Just do the fillers on the outside, and then you can start on the inside. I should be back by then." Then came the usual, "Take your time. Be careful. Take lunch in a while." Dan raised his arm and asked, "Do I have one back here too? It feels like there is something there, but I can't see it." I swallowed and nodded. "Hop on in Dan," Aaron called as he started the truck. Gingerly Danny responded. They were heading for the hospital where he would receive fifty-three stitches to close up the two holes in his side. "Well, another exciting day working cement," I thought as the F-250 pulled away. Dan had slipped on his first attempt to get out of the hole, and he fell against two flat-ties protruding from the newly created foundation. Flat-ties are those thin pieces of silver metal that stick out from the walls in your basement before it gets finished. As the forms for the walls are being set in place on top of the footings, flat-ties are sent through the wall so that the inside form can be connected to the outside form. Although this whole idea about flat-ties may seem intriguing, the important thing to learn is that if one flat-tie is left out, however insignificant this may seem, the pressure of the cement is sufficient to cause a 'blowout' in the wall. Many times I think that people forget to enjoy the details in their lives, and so events turn into 'blowouts' instead of grand adventures. Mylan, my boss, has a wife and seven girls to worry about.

Physics Unit Notes

Single disturbance is called a pulse A series of pulses is called a wave In the case of the impatient student, his disturbance was parallel to the direction of the wave itself. Also called a Longitudinal Wave WAVES Waves can transmit two things O Can transmit energy 0 Ex. Light waves from the sun heat the earth O Can transmit information 0 Ex. Radio wave When the motion of the particles is perpendicular to the motion of the wave, it is called a traverse wave Pointing down Acceleration downWave We see the motion of the medium Soundwaves air Lightwaves = electromagnetic waves Stadium waves people Water waves -> water Light waves no medium Pointing up Acceleration up Without tension, there can be no traverse waves in a medium. -> Do not occur inside liquids and gases can occur on surface of water though Inner core of earth has a liquid core, because traverse waves do not got through Earthquakes can produce traverse, longitudinal, or a combination of the two. ongitudinal = compression, t ravel fast, primary (happen first) traverse = aves†, secondary (happen second) -> longer delay between S and P waves, means greater distance from the epicenter B) C) D) Crest Trough Amplitude Wavelenght Cycle one complete wavelength Amplitude half the distance from crest and trough Wavelength -> distance of one complete cycle (Sl units = meters) Period (T) time for one wavelength to pass (Sl Units = seconds) Frequency (f) number of cycles that pass by per time interval = Cycles per second = 1 Hertz (Hz) and Ex. f=2 Hz = T=. 5 seconds Swing?Applied force at a regular interval, causes you to go higher, high amplitude All object will vibrate of oscillate at a certain frequency called the natural frequency A pendulum (or swing) will swing back and forth at a natural frequency that depends only on it's lenght When a system is driven at it's natural frequency (forces applied in rhythm with the natural frequency), Physics Unit 4 Page 1 The shorter the stick, the higher the Natural fr equency. natural frequency), the oscillations will get bigger. This s termed resonance. If two things have the same natural frequency, And you hit one, the second will also begin to vibrate Energy Transfer

economic views of Marx essays

social/economic views of Marx essays The latter part of the nineteenth century was teeming with evolved social and economical ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideals taken from past revolutions and the present clash of individuals and organized assemblies. As the Industrial Revolution steamed ahead paving the way for growing commerce, so did the widening gap between the class structure which so predominantly grasped the populace and their rights within the community. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal in the eyes of the bourgeoisie. Using advancing methods of production within a system of free trade, the ruling middle class were strategically able to earn a substantial surplus of funds and maintain their present class of life. Thus, with the advancement of industry and the bourgeoisie's gain of wealth, a counter-action was undoubtedly taking place. The resultant was the degradation of the working-class, of the proletarians whom provided labor to a middle-class only to be exploited in doing so. Exploitation is a quarrel between social groups that has been around since the dawn of mankind itself. The persecution of one class by another has historically allowed the advancement of mankind to continue. These clashes, whether ending with positive or negative results, allow Man to evolve as a species, defining Himself within the social structure of nature. Man's rivalry amongst one another allows for this evolution! through the production of something which is different, not necessarily productive, but differing from the present norm and untried through At this time in history, mankind was moving forward very rapidly, but at the price of the working-class. Wages were given sparsely, and when capital gain improved, the money paid for labor did not reflect this prosperity. This, therefore, accelerated the downfall of the proletarians and pro...

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Patient Care Delivery

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Patient Care Delivery Nursing Essay Example on Patient Care Delivery Models Introduction In the recent past, the United States of America has been focusing on the health care delivery system restructuring in order to facilitate the provision of high-quality and affordable health care services to people. The continued restructuring of the health care delivery system has led to the creation of new jobs for nurses, and more nursing jobs are expected to be created in the future. According to Sullivan-Marx (2010), most of these nursing jobs are expected to be available in the community. On the other hand, nursing jobs in acute care hospitals are likely to decline considerably. In my view, the continued restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system is likely to impact significantly the practice of nursing. The practice of nursing is likely to shift its focus from acute care hospitals to community-based health organizations. The reason for this is the development and implementation of new health care delivery models such as the continuum of care, Accountable Care Organi zations (ACOs), medical homes and nurse-managed health clinics.

Compare the Toldot Yeshu with Heinrich Graetz's views on Jesus Essay

Compare the Toldot Yeshu with Heinrich Graetz's views on Jesus - Essay Example â€Å"Yeshu proclaimed, "I am the Messiah; and concerning me Isaiah prophesied and said, Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel." He quoted other messianic texts, insisting, "David my ancestor prophesied concerning me: The Lord said to me, thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee." â€Å"High-minded earnestness and spotless moral purity were his undeniable attributes; they stand out in all the authentic accounts of his life that have reached us, and appear even in those garbled teachings which his followers placed in his mouth†¦.† (149) This leaves open the question of how the TY could be so different in conclusion from Graetz and other writers in this field. The answer may lie in the respective audiences for which the authors were writing: the TY’s medieval audience (c14th century) wished to hear a derogatory account of Jesus and Christianity, whereas Graetz was writing a scholarly history of the Jewish people for the erudite. Both the TY and Graetz are certain that Jesus was not the son of God, and Graetz refers to him as a ‘mortal’. One would have expected the TY to deny that Jesus had divine powers. Instead it says that he did; â€Å"Whoever learned the secret of the Name and its use would be able to do whatever he wished†¦. Yeshu came and learned the letters of the Name; he wrote them upon the parchment which he placed in an open cut on his thigh and then drew the flesh over the parchment†¦.† Graetz takes a more cynical view of miracle making in general, informing us that it was accepted practice to capture the attention of people in this way. Whilst he agrees that Jesus must have had some knowledge beyond the ordinary ken of mankind at the time, he puts much of the awe with which Jesus’ ‘powers’ were greeted to the general lack of knowledge about science at the time amongst the ordinary people. Clearly as far as the TY is concerned

Jamie Dimon and Succession Planning at JP Morgan Essay

Jamie Dimon and Succession Planning at JP Morgan - Essay Example In the case of JPMorgan, the post of Chairman and CEO is being held by Jamie Dimon, giving rise to controversial as well as key points of discussion. Thus, the discussion will be regarding JPMorgan’s organizational structure and corporate governance, particularly whether Dimon can have both the jobs and whether that arrangement can serve the company as well as shareholders, how it can impact knowledge management and also search for the new successor. As pointed out above, when compared to most publicly held companies, JP Morgan is following the structure of keeping or appointing a single person for the two key leadership posts of Chairman and CEO, in the form of Jamie Dimon. While Lloyd C. Blankfein, chairman and CEO of Goldman Sachs Group Inc â€Å"reached an agreement with an investor last year to drop a proposal for an independent chairman after giving expanded responsibilities to its lead independent director†, Kennett Lewis of Bank of America Corp. could not hold on to the dual posts as the â€Å"investors voted to strip the chairman’s title in the aftermath of the Merrill Lynch & Co. takeover and federal bailout.† (Kopecki, 2013). When one focuses on Dimon’s, he entered JPMorgan, albeit in an indirect manner, in early 2000s when JPMorgan acquired Bank One, in which Dimon was the Chairman as well as the CEO. After acquisition and the resultant merger, Dimon became the President as well as COO of the combined company. Then, in 2005, he was appointed as the CEO of JPMorgan Chase and then a year later, he became the chairman of the board. (â€Å"Board of Directors†, n. d). From that time, he has been holding the dual posts, and although he has been performing well, certain events in the recent past led to questions being raised regarding the effectiveness of Dimon holding both the key leadership posts. The key event that raised the pitch against him was the JPMorgan’s $6 billion trading losses in London dubbed as ‘London